Date/time functions

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$now

Signature: $now([picture [, timezone]]) Parameters:

• picture - If the optional picture string is supplied, then the timestamp is formatted occording to the representation specified in that string.

The behaviour of this function is consistent with the two-argument version of the XPath/XQuery function fn:format-dateTime as defined in the XPath F&O 3.1 specification. The picture string parameter defines how the timestamp is formatted and has the same syntax as fn:format-dateTime.

• timezone - If the optional timezone string is supplied, then the formatted timestamp will be in that timezone.

The timezone string should be in the format “±HHMM”, where ± is either the plus or minus sign and HHMM is the offset in hours and minutes from UTC. Positive offset for timezones east of UTC, negative offset for timezones west of UTC. Generates a UTC timestamp in ISO 8601 compatible format and returns it as a string. All invocations of $now() within an evaluation of an expression will all return the same timestamp value. If the optional picture and timezone parameters are supplied, then the current timestamp is formatted as described by the $fromMillis() function. Examples

Expression	Result
$now()	"2017-05-15T15:12:59.152Z"

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$millis

Signature: $millis() Returns the number of milliseconds since the Unix Epoch (1 January, 1970 UTC) as a number. All invocations of $millis() within an evaluation of an expression will all return the same value. Examples

Expression	Result
$millis()	1502700297574

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$fromMillis

Signature: $fromMillis(number [, picture [, timezone]]) Parameters:

• number - A number representing milliseconds since the Unix Epoch (1 January, 1970 UTC).
• picture - If the optional picture string is supplied, then the timestamp is formatted according to the representation specified in that string.

The behavior of this function is consistent with the two-argument version of the XPath/XQuery function fn:format-dateTime as defined in the XPath F&O 3.1 specification. The picture string parameter defines how the timestamp is formatted and has the same syntax as fn:format-dateTime.

• timezone - If the optional timezone string is supplied, then the formatted timestamp will be in that timezone.

The timezone string should be in the format “±HHMM”, where ± is either the plus or minus sign and HHMM is the offset in hours and minutes from UTC. Positive offset for timezones east of UTC, negative offset for timezones west of UTC. Convert the number representing milliseconds since the Unix Epoch (1 January, 1970 UTC) to a formatted string representation of the timestamp as specified by the picture string. If the optional picture parameter is omitted, then the timestamp is formatted in the ISO 8601 format. If the optional picture string is supplied, then the timestamp is formatted according to the representation specified in that string. The behavior of this function is consistent with the two-argument version of the XPath/XQuery function fn:format-dateTime as defined in the XPath F&O 3.1 specification. The picture string parameter defines how the timestamp is formatted and has the same syntax as fn:format-dateTime. If the optional timezone string is supplied, then the formatted timestamp will be in that timezone. The timezone string should be in the format “±HHMM”, where ± is either the plus or minus sign and HHMM is the offset in hours and minutes from UTC. Positive offset for timezones east of UTC, negative offset for timezones west of UTC. Examples

Expression	Result
$fromMillis(1510067557121)	"2017-11-07T15:12:37.121Z"
$fromMillis(1510067557121, '[M01]/[D01]/[Y0001] [h#1]:[m01][P]')	"11/07/2017 3:12pm"
$fromMillis(1510067557121, '[H01]:[m01]:[s01] [z]', '-0500')	"10:12:37 GMT-05:00"

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$toMillis

Signature: $toMillis(timestamp [, picture]) Parameters:

• timestamp - A formatted timestamp string.

If the optional picture string is not specified, then the format of the timestamp is assumed to be ISO 8601. An error is thrown if the string is not in the correct format.

• picture - If the picture string is specified, then the format is assumed to be described by this picture string using the same syntax as the XPath/XQuery function fn:format-dateTime, defined in the XPath F&O 3.1 specification.

Convert a timestamp string to the number of milliseconds since the Unix Epoch (1 January, 1970 UTC) as a number. This function is provided by Stedi and isn’t a part of the JSONata standard library. If the optional picture string is not specified, then the format of the timestamp is assumed to be ISO 8601. An error is thrown if the string is not in the correct format. If the picture string is specified, then the format is assumed to be described by this picture string using the same syntax as the XPath/XQuery function fn:format-dateTime, defined in the XPath F&O 3.1 specification. Examples

Expression	Result
$toMillis("2017-11-07T15:07:54.972Z")	1510067274972

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$convertDateTime

Signature: $convertDateTime(str, sourceFormat, targetFormat [, sourceTimezone [, targetTimezone]]) Parameters:

• str - An input string with date to be formatted
• sourceFormat - Date format of the input string using using unicode tokens
• targetFormat - Format of the output string using using unicode tokens
• sourceTimezone - Specifies source date’s timezone if the date is in format without the zone offset e.g.: +01:00 or Z
• targetTimezone - If specified, function will also convert date’s timezone to the targeted one.

Parses the str according to the sourceFormat and returns a formatted string according to targetFormat. If targetTimezone is specified, function will also convert date’s timezone to desired one. If str is in format without timezone defined, please use sourceTimezone to specify its timezone. Without it being specified, function will assume UTC timezone. If both str and sourceTimezone will be specified, zone offset in str will take a precedence over sourceTimezone. Both formats must be specified using unicode tokens. This function is provided by Stedi and isn’t a part of the JSONata standard library. Note there are 4 tokens that might cause confusion:

• D and DD that represent the day of a year (1, 2, …, 365, 366) are often confused with d and dd that represent the day of a month (1, 2, …, 31).
• y and yyyy that represent the local week-numbering year (44, 01, 00, 17) are often confused with yy and yyyy that represent the calendar year.

On top of the $convertDateTime function, we also provide popular date/time formats as constants under $dateTime object:

Variable	Value
$dateTime.RFC3339	"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssXXX"
$dateTime.RFC3339Millis	"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"
$dateTime.EDIDate	"yyMMdd"
$dateTime.EDIDateLong	"yyyyMMdd"

Example

Function call	Returned value
$convertDateTime("20140919", "yyyyMMdd", "yyyy-MM-dd")	"2014-09-19"
$convertDateTime("2021-01-02T12:00:00Z", $dateTime.RFC3339, "yyyy-MM-dd")	"2021-01-02"
$convertDateTime("2021-01-02T12:00:00+00:00", $dateTime.RFC3339, "yyyy-MM-dd")	"2021-01-02"
$convertDateTime("210102", $dateTime.EDIDate, $dateTime.RFC3339)	"2021-01-02T12:00:00Z"
$convertDateTime("15:00 2nd January 2021", "HH:mm do MMMM yyyy", "yyyy-MM-dd")	"2021-01-02"
$convertDateTime("2021-01-01T01:00:00-11:00", $dateTime.RFC3339, $dateTime.RFC3339, null, "UTC")	"2021-01-01T12:00:00Z"
$convertDateTime("2021-01-01T01:00:00Z", $dateTime.RFC3339, $dateTime.RFC3339, null, "Asia/Bangkok")	"2021-01-01T08:00:00+07:00"
$convertDateTime("2021-01-01T01:00:00Z", $dateTime.RFC3339, $dateTime.RFC3339, "UTC", "America/New_York")	"2020-12-31T20:00:00-05:00"
$convertDateTime("2021-01-01T01:00:00", "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss", $dateTime.RFC3339, "EST", "UTC")	"2021-01-01T06:00:00Z"

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$currentDateTime

Signature: $currentDateTime(format [, timezone]) Parameters:

• format - Date format of the input string using using unicode tokens
• timezone - Optional, specifies the timezone in which the date/time is generated. Defaults to UTC.

Returns a current date and time formatted string according to format. Format must be specified using unicode tokens. Optionally, a timezone can be specified. If not specified, the timezone is assumed to be UTC. This function is provided by Stedi and isn’t a part of the JSONata standard library. Note there are 4 tokens that might cause confusion:

• D and DD that represent the day of a year (1, 2, …, 365, 366) are often confused with d and dd that represent the day of a month (1, 2, …, 31).
• y and yyyy that represent the local week-numbering year (44, 01, 00, 17) are often confused with yy and yyyy that represent the calendar year.

On top of the $currentDateTime function, we also provide popular date/time formats as constants under $dateTime object:

Variable	Value
$dateTime.RFC3339	"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssXXX"
$dateTime.RFC3339Millis	"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"
$dateTime.EDIDate	"yyMMdd"
$dateTime.EDIDateLong	"yyyyMMdd"

Example

Function call	Returned value
$currentDateTime("yyyy-MM-dd")	"2022-02-09"
$currentDateTime($dateTime.EDIDate)	"220209"
$currentDateTime($dateTime.RFC3339Millis)	"2022-02-09T08:23:52.000Z"
$currentDateTime("yyyy-MM-dd", "EST")	"2022-02-09"